In this video, we explore the role of Catholics during Italy's "Resistance" to Nazi-Fascism, with insights from Dr. Andrea Ciampani, Professor of Modern History at Rome's LUMSA University. With the March 2020 opening of the Vatican Archives regarding the pontificate of Pius XII, we can now gain a closer look at the involvement of Catholics during this time period. From the papers of the archive, hundreds of initiatives from the Holy See emerge for the assistance of the population, for refugee assistance, and for informing about and mediating for the liberation of those arrested by the Germans and the Fascist police.